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diff --git a/docs/tutorial/list.html b/docs/tutorial/list.html index 3a389d42..deae0f11 100644 --- a/docs/tutorial/list.html +++ b/docs/tutorial/list.html @@ -18,6 +18,34 @@ <p>There are three kinds of list notation in BQN. Every one has a subject role, even though expressions used inside it might have other roles. First, a <em>string</em> is a list of characters, and is written by placing those characters in double quotes.</p> <pre><span class='String'>"Text!"</span> </pre> +<table class='primitives'> + <tr> + <td><span class='String'>"</span></td> + <td></td> + <td colspan='2'>String</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Bracket'>⟨</span></td> + <td><kbd>\(</kbd></td> + <td colspan='2'>Start list</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Bracket'>⟩</span></td> + <td><kbd>\)</kbd></td> + <td colspan='2'>End list</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Separator'>⋄</span></td> + <td><kbd>\;</kbd></td> + <td colspan='2'>Separator</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Separator'>,</span></td> + <td></td> + <td colspan='2'>Separator</td> + </tr> +</table> + <p>Only one character needs to be escaped to place it in a string: the double quote, which is escaped by writing it twice. Any other character, including a newline, can be placed directly in a string.</p> <p>Second, <em>list notation</em> uses angle brackets <code><span class='Bracket'>⟨⟩</span></code>. The <em>elements</em> in the list are kept apart with one of the three <em>separator</em> characters: <code><span class='Separator'>,</span></code>, <code><span class='Separator'>⋄</span></code>, and newline. Anything can be used as an element, even a function, or a modifier like <code><span class='Modifier2'>∘</span></code>. Here's a list containing a number, a 2-modifier, a string, and a non-string list:</p> <pre><span class='Bracket'>⟨</span> <span class='Number'>π</span><span class='Separator'>,</span> <span class='Modifier2'>∘</span><span class='Separator'>,</span> <span class='String'>"element"</span> <span class='Separator'>⋄</span> <span class='Bracket'>⟨</span><span class='String'>'l'</span><span class='Separator'>,</span><span class='Number'>1</span><span class='Separator'>,</span><span class='Number'>5</span><span class='Separator'>,</span><span class='String'>'t'</span><span class='Bracket'>⟩</span> <span class='Bracket'>⟩</span> @@ -32,6 +60,19 @@ </span> <span class='String'>"lines"</span> <span class='Bracket'>⟩</span> </pre> +<table class='primitives'> + <tr> + <td><span class='Comment'>#</span></td> + <td></td> + <td colspan='2'>Comment</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Ligature'>‿</span></td> + <td><kbd>\ </kbd></td> + <td colspan='2'>Strand</td> + </tr> +</table> + <p>Finally, <em>strand notation</em> is a shortcut for simple lists like a few numbers. It's written with the <em>ligature</em> <code><span class='Ligature'>‿</span></code>, which has a higher precedence than either functions or operators. A sequence of values joined with ligatures becomes a list, so that for example the following two expressions are equivalent:</p> <pre><span class='Bracket'>⟨</span><span class='Number'>2</span><span class='Separator'>,</span><span class='Function'>+</span><span class='Separator'>,</span><span class='Function'>-</span><span class='Bracket'>⟩</span> <span class='Number'>2</span><span class='Ligature'>‿</span><span class='Function'>+</span><span class='Ligature'>‿</span><span class='Function'>-</span> @@ -92,6 +133,27 @@ ⟨ ⟨ 11 12 ⟩ ⟨ 23 33 ⟩ ⟩ </pre> <h2 id="some-list-functions">Some list functions</h2> +<table class='primitives'> + <tr> + <td><span class='Function'>≍</span></td> + <td><kbd>\.</kbd></td> + <td>Solo</td> + <td>Couple</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Function'>∾</span></td> + <td><kbd>\,</kbd></td> + <td></td> + <td>Join To</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Function'>⌽</span></td> + <td><kbd>\q</kbd></td> + <td>Reverse</td> + <td>Rotate</td> + </tr> +</table> + <p>Let's introduce a few primitives to work with lists.</p> <p>Make one or two atom arguments into a list with <code><span class='Function'>≍</span></code>, pronounced Solo in the one-argument case and Couple in the two-argument case. This might not seem to merit a symbol but there's more to come. Don't call it on lists and ponder the results, igniting a hunger for ever more dimensions.</p> <a class="replLink" title="Open in the REPL" target="_blank" href="https://mlochbaum.github.io/BQN/try.html#code=4omNIDQKCjIg4omNIDQ=&run">↗️</a><pre> <span class='Function'>≍</span> <span class='Number'>4</span> @@ -122,6 +184,25 @@ "abcde" </pre> <h3 id="and-modifiers">…and modifiers</h3> +<table class='primitives'> + <tr> + <td><span class='Modifier'>¨</span></td> + <td><kbd>\1</kbd></td> + <td colspan='2'>Each</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Modifier'>´</span></td> + <td><kbd>\5</kbd></td> + <td colspan='2'>Fold</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Function'>∾</span></td> + <td><kbd>\,</kbd></td> + <td>Join</td> + <td>Join To</td> + </tr> +</table> + <p>The 1-modifier Each (<code><span class='Modifier'>¨</span></code>) applies its operand to every element of a list argument: it's the same as <code><span class='Value'>map</span></code> in a functional programming language. With two list arguments (which have to have the same length), Each pairs the corresponding elements from each, a bit like a <code><span class='Value'>zip</span></code> function. If one argument is a list and one's an atom, the atom is reused every time instead.</p> <a class="replLink" title="Open in the REPL" target="_blank" href="https://mlochbaum.github.io/BQN/try.html#code=4oy9wqggImFiY2Qi4oC/IkFCQ0RFRiLigL8iMDEiCgoic3RyaW5nIuKAvyJsaXN0IuKAvyJhcnJheSIg4oi+wqggJ3MnCgoiYWJjIiDiiY3CqCDijL0gImFiYyI=&run">↗️</a><pre> <span class='Function'>⌽</span><span class='Modifier'>¨</span> <span class='String'>"abcd"</span><span class='Ligature'>‿</span><span class='String'>"ABCDEF"</span><span class='Ligature'>‿</span><span class='String'>"01"</span> ⟨ "dcba" "FEDCBA" "10" ⟩ @@ -156,6 +237,21 @@ </pre> <h2 id="example-base-decoding">Example: base decoding</h2> <p>Some people like to imagine that robots or other techno-beings speak entirely in binary-encoded ASCII, like for instance "01001110 01100101 01110010 01100100 00100001". This is dumb for a lot of reasons, and the encoded text probably just says something inane, but you're a slave to curiosity and can't ignore it. Are one and a half tutorials of BQN enough to clear your conscience?</p> +<table class='primitives'> + <tr> + <td><span class='Function'>↕</span></td> + <td><kbd>\d</kbd></td> + <td>Range</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='Modifier2'>⊸</span></td> + <td><kbd>\h</kbd></td> + <td>Bind?</td> + <td></td> + </tr> +</table> + <p>Almost. It's really close. There are just two things missing, so I'll cover those and can we agree one and three-quarters is pretty good? First is Range (<code><span class='Function'>↕</span></code>), which is called on a number to give all the natural numbers less than it:</p> <a class="replLink" title="Open in the REPL" target="_blank" href="https://mlochbaum.github.io/BQN/try.html#code=4oaVIDg=&run">↗️</a><pre> <span class='Function'>↕</span> <span class='Number'>8</span> ⟨ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ⟩ @@ -275,6 +371,11 @@ ERROR</pre> <td>Rotate</td> </tr> <tr> +<td><code><span class='Function'>↕</span></code></td> +<td></td> +<td>Range</td> +</tr> +<tr> <td><code><span class='Modifier'>¨</span></code></td> <td>Each</td> <td>Each</td> |